Year: 1907

Who: Charles Henry Turner

Where: Chicago, IL

Charles Henry Turner, an American zoologist, entomologist, and educator, is best known for his groundbreaking research on the behavior of insects, particularly ants and bees. In 1907, Turner became the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, marking a pivotal moment in both his personal career and African American history. His contributions to comparative psychology and the study of animal cognition laid the foundation for a deeper understanding of intelligence in non-human species.

Turner’s academic journey was marked by remarkable perseverance despite the racial discrimination that limited his opportunities in higher education. He became the first African American to have his research published in Science and later earned his doctorate in zoology. Throughout his career, Turner challenged prevailing scientific theories of his time, demonstrating that insects could learn, solve problems, and exhibit memory—concepts previously thought to be exclusive to higher-order animals. His work with honeybees and ants revealed that insects possess sophisticated cognitive abilities, such as distinguishing pitches and recognizing visual patterns, which significantly advanced the field of behavioral science. Turner’s research also played a critical role in advocating for more inclusive approaches to studying animal behavior.

Charles Henry Turner’s legacy continues to influence the fields of zoology and comparative psychology. His pioneering studies not only revolutionized the understanding of animal cognition but also contributed to the broader movement for racial equality in science and academia. Turner’s work emphasized the complexity and intellectual capacity of animals, challenging traditional assumptions and advancing scientific thought. His persistence in the face of discrimination and his dedication to education serve as a testament to the power of resilience and the importance of equal access to knowledge. Through his groundbreaking research, Turner opened doors for future generations of scientists and advocates for diversity in scientific fields.

Sources

Website

• Charles Henry Turner - Oklahoma State University. Charles Henry Turner | Oklahoma State University. (2023, July 31). https://cas.okstate.edu/psychology/psychology_museum_resource_center/special_exhibits/african-american_pioneers_in_psychology/turner_charles.html ​

• Profile of Charles Henry Turner. University of Cincinnati. (n.d.). https://www.artsci.uc.edu/news/profile-Turner-bhm.html ​