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Year: 1899

Who: Alice H. Parker​

Where: Morristown, New Jersey​

What: Alice H. Parker was an African American inventor whose innovative approach to home heating continues to influence modern systems. Born in Morristown, New Jersey, Parker displayed a remarkable intellect and determination from a young age. She graduated with honors from the Howard University Academy in 1910, an exceptional achievement for a Black woman in the early 20th century. Despite limited opportunities for women of her background, Parker’s inventive spirit led her to develop a groundbreaking idea in home heating technology.

During the frigid New Jersey winters, Parker found traditional wood and coal fireplaces inadequate for efficiently heating homes. In 1919, she patented a revolutionary natural gas central heating system. Her design featured independently controlled burners and ducts, which distributed heat evenly across different areas of a building. This “zone heating” concept allowed for temperature moderation in separate rooms, conserving energy and providing tailored comfort. Unlike coal and wood heating, Parker’s system offered improved efficiency and reduced fire hazards by eliminating the need to leave a fireplace burning overnight.

Though her exact design was never implemented due to safety concerns tied to the era’s technological limitations, Parker’s patent laid the foundation for advancements in central heating systems. Her concept inspired developments in thermostats, forced air furnaces, and modern zoning systems, revolutionizing how homes are heated today.

Parker’s legacy extends beyond her patent. In 2019, she was honored by the National Society of Black Physicists for her visionary contributions. The New Jersey Chamber of Commerce annually celebrates her impact with the Alice H. Parker Women Leaders in Innovation Awards, recognizing women who exemplify creativity and excellence in their fields. Parker’s life remains a testament to ingenuity, resilience, and the enduring influence of a single innovative idea on everyday life.

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2800 N. Charles Street
Baltimore, MD 21218

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