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Year: 1890

Who: Phillip Downing

Where: Boston, MA​

What: Philip Bell Downing, a Black inventor born on March 22, 1857, in Providence, Rhode Island, made significant contributions to American innovation during the late 19th century. One of his most famous inventions is the street letter box, for which he was granted U.S. Patent No. 462,093 on October 27, 1891. His design greatly improved the convenience of mailing letters by allowing individuals to drop off their mail in secure, easily accessible boxes, similar to modern mailboxes. Downing's letter box featured a hinged door that protected the mail from the elements, such as rain and snow, preventing damage and ensuring secure collection.

In addition to the street letter box, Downing patented other devices, including a mechanical system for operating street railway switches in 1890. His inventions helped streamline everyday processes and provided practical solutions to common issues of the time. Downing's legacy includes not only his inventive contributions but also his long career as a clerk with the Boston Custom House, from which he retired in 1927 after more than 30 years of service.

Downing passed away on June 8, 1934, but his inventions, particularly the street letter box, continue to have a lasting impact on American infrastructure and daily life. His achievements are especially notable given the racial challenges of his era, making him a key figure in the history of Black inventors.

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Johns Hopkins University
2800 N. Charles Street
Baltimore, MD 21218

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