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Year: 1969
Who: George Carruthers
Where: USA.
What: George Robert Carruthers was an influential African American inventor, physicist, and space scientist known for his pioneering work in ultraviolet astronomy. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on October 1, 1939, Carruthers grew up in an environment that nurtured his early interest in physics and astronomy. From building his first telescope at age ten to joining science clubs and participating in rocket societies, his passion for space was evident early on.
Carruthers' academic journey led him to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he earned a PhD in aeronautical and astronautical engineering. His doctoral work, which involved experimental plasma dynamics, laid the groundwork for his future contributions to space science.
In 1964, Carruthers began his career at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington, D.C., where he made significant advancements in far ultraviolet astronomy. His major achievement came in 1972 when he invented the far ultraviolet camera/spectrograph, which was used during the Apollo 16 mission to the Moon. This device not only enhanced the understanding of the Earth's upper atmosphere but also provided unprecedented views of astronomical phenomena from the lunar surface.
Carruthers' invention was instrumental in the study of interstellar space, offering insights into the composition of celestial bodies and the dynamics of the far outer atmosphere. His work helped to establish foundational knowledge that continues to influence the field of space science.
Throughout his career, Carruthers was dedicated to education and mentorship, influencing young scientists and engineers, particularly those from underrepresented groups. He was deeply involved in community outreach and educational programs, aiming to inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers.
Recognized for his scientific achievements and his efforts to promote science and engineering education, Carruthers received numerous awards, including induction into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2003. He passed away on December 26, 2020, leaving a lasting legacy in the fields of astronomy and space exploration.
Sources:
Websites:
National Air and Space Museum. (n.d.). George Carruthers: Astronautical Engineer and Astronomer. https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/george-carruthers-astronautical-engineer-astronomer
University at Buffalo. (n.d.). George Carruthers - Mathematics and Physics. http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/physics/carruthers-georger.html
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